Low-temperature working scenarios, including high-latitude outdoor operation in winter, frozen cold storage and high-altitude open yards, are common working conditions for industrial handling equipment. For lithium-ion batteries widely used in modern electric forklifts, low temperature will not cause permanent damage under normal operation, but will produce a series of regular changes in core output parameters due to the inherent electrochemical characteristics of the battery system.

The first obvious change lies in the actual available discharge capacity output. When the ambient temperature drops below 0℃, the viscosity of the electrolyte inside the battery increases gradually, the ion conduction rate slows down, and the activity of the positive and negative active materials decreases correspondingly. Without adjusting the operation strategy, the actual discharge capacity that can be stably output under the same load condition will be lower than the rated capacity measured at normal temperature. This change is a normal physical and chemical characteristic, not a product performance failure.

The second change is reflected in the stability of output voltage and discharge platform. The overall internal resistance of the lithium-ion battery will rise significantly in low temperature environment. When the forklift carries heavy loads for continuous operation, the voltage drop under load will be larger than the value at room temperature, and the original long-term stable discharge voltage platform will enter the decline stage earlier. If the operation personnel keep a high-intensity working rhythm for a long time, the voltage dropping speed will be further accelerated.

The third key affected parameter is the peak power output limit. When the temperature is too low, the battery management system will appropriately reduce the maximum allowable discharge current to avoid excessive lithium precipitation inside the battery. At this time, the maximum instantaneous output power that the battery can provide will be limited, which may not support the demand of multiple consecutive high-lift operations of super heavy goods, and the corresponding power limit protection will be triggered automatically.

To adapt to these parameter changes in low temperature environment, forklift operation teams can take targeted adjustment measures, such as preheating the battery to the proper working temperature range before formal operation, reasonably controlling the duration of continuous high-load operation, and regularly checking the state of battery cells, so as to give full play to the performance of lithium-ion forklift batteries and ensure stable and efficient handling work.